Mechanism of breathing

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breathing is a means of maximizing the process of gaseous exchange. the movement of air into and out of the lungs is carried out by creating a pressure gradient between the lungs and the atmosphere. 
 


Inspiration: 
intake of atmospheric air into the lungs is called inspiration.
it is an active process.
as it takes place by the contraction of the muscles of the diaphragm and the external inter costal muscles, 

Expiration:
release of alveolar air to the exterior is called expiration.
it is passive process.
relaxation of the diaphragm and the external inter costal muscles returns the diaphragm and sternum to their normal positions.



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